Table with emergency situations

Explain the visitors' procedures and wait for a member of management to attend. Depending on the circumstances management will call the police to report the incident. However should the intruder become agitated they will gain the attention of another staff member who will contact the police. Should the person leaves prior to the police arrival staff will take note of the direction and means of transport which will then be passed on to the reporting officer. Verbally ask the person not to return the school again whilst in the presence of the police.Review security immediately Log incident and actions as soon as possible. Missing child or young person Upon Discovering a child is Missing Notify immediately the class teacher. If the teacher is not available for whatever reason they must inform the classroom support staff if there is one, or, if there is not, the nearest available teacher. They should state the name of the child (if known) or a description of the child (if the child's nam e is not known to them), what the child was last seen doing and where, and how long since they last saw the child.Thereafter they should assist with any organized reach for the child as directed by the class teacher or the Head teacher. Conduct a search of the immediate surroundings, I. E. Indoors, in the classroom (looking under tables, work surfaces and other possible hiding places such as cupboards), adjacent work areas and classrooms, nearby cloakrooms and toilets. Outdoors – in the immediate area where the child was last seen including looking under bushes and up trees etc.The teacher should quickly arrange for another adult (e. G. Support staff or neighboring teacher) to supervise their class while they conduct any search away from the lass for which they are responsible. If this initial search does not find the child the teacher shall begin a wider search of the school buildings and grounds including searching public areas in other parts of the school e. G. Library are as, toilet and cloakroom areas, corridors, hall etc.If this search does not discover the missing child within a reasonable time the teacher must inform the Head teacher (directly or via the school office) Of the missing child and the facts surrounding the child's disappearance. The Headaches will: Take charge of the situation. If satisfied that the class is adequately supervised the Head teacher will join the teacher (and support staff if applicable) in searching the school premises for the missing child directing the teacher (and others) where to search (e. G. Hill he searches externally, the teacher searches internally) Alternatively, the Head teacher may direct the teacher (or support staff) to return to their class in order to continue supervising the class and to be a familiar adult should the missing child return to their classroom. In this situation the Head teacher will continue the search alone or with other available adults. When the Head teacher is satisfied that the chil d is not on the premises he will instruct the office staff to contact the child's parents and inform them of the situation and to enquire if the child has returned home.

What Really Makes Factories Flexible

Introduction: In this literature, â€Å"What really makes factories flexible? † the writer brought out the topic for factory flexibility, which defines as a production  facility  organized  to  respond to customer orders quickly in order to provide  a  full  and varied range  of  operations  or  services, across many  product lines with very short  changeover times and may introduce new products of similar range fairly easy. For example, most modern  automobile plants  are designed as  flexible  factories to build various models. Having acknowledged the importance of flexibility, how would manufacturing managers in a broad array of industries find pathways to improve the process? What are the difficulties of defining flexibility of a plant and how do they measure flexibility in terms of plant productivity? What measurements are needed to show improvement of the process? The author performed a research in a study of sixty-one factories in North America that manufacture fine paper to find out the answer. Define the problem: Unlike most other industries in which different plants make different products, the paper industry's products are more comparable across plants since paper are produced by very similar process. There are a few characteristics for the paper industries to be the right candidate. In paper industry, the qualities of products by grades are straightforward numbers which can be able to be measured by the author. These numbers enabled the author to develop both the range of paper a plant could produce and how much time it needed for a plant to switch from making one kind of paper to making another. By using these numbers the author was be able to define the operational flexibility for manufacturing plants needed to measure and find the ways to improve the processes. Defining the problem is the first thing needed by each manager. â€Å"What is flexibility? † Managers are having hard times to define as the term may mean very different for different people. At plant level, it is about the ability to change over or adapt new system, however, specifying and characterizing this ability is not an easy task. As one manager may talk about the flexibility to produce the types of production from up and down depending on what the market needs; another manager may talks about the flexibility to change over from making one type of paper to another with less time and money. In the author's point of view, flexibility should be emphasized in determining by its competitive environment. The measurement of flexibility can be based on a) product range in different things as a plant can have the ability to produce a small number of products that are very different from one another b) mobility for a plant to change over from making one product to another and c) uniformity of performance as a flexible plant can perform comparably well to make any product within a specified range. Once managers have defined the different kinds of flexibility they are trying to develop, another set of issues had come up as how to measure the flexibility and improvement of flexibility. Also it is often unclear in which general features of a plant must be changed in order to make its operations flexible. The depth and wisdom of experience managers have to be carefully assessing their strategies to define what kind of flexibility they are looking for before embarking on a flexibility program, or otherwise the results can be disastrous. Implication and analysis to select best alternatives: By collecting production data, the author was able to measure the breadth of paper grades that each plant was capable of producing and the changeover time that each plant required to switch between grades. There were additional measurements of flexibility such as workforce by length of service, the level of computer integration (CIM), the change and break frequency, etc. Each plant may emphasize in a whole range of factors from different quality and types of flexibility based on the managers, so end up there are large differences across plants. One major issue covered in this literature is that the degree of computer integration (CIM) does not really help on plant flexibility by increasing range of products produced or improving change over time even though large money was invested in it. Managers often have difficulty justifying CIM projects on the basis of cost savings or quality improvements therefore justify them on basis of improved flexibility CIM will provide. In this case, only the engineers or a few trained employees understand how the system works; most of the plant operators are not trained to operate which create problems. Operators instead decide to perform manual-change over, which in a surprising findings the best manual change system operate much faster than computer. This result shows the serious problem from operators as they have no interest to adapt the change to operate CIM. It hit hard on the managers with thoughts being reluctant that they are doing something right, but actually they are wrong. Implement decision to change the system: For successful manager to figure out the issues of CIM before implementing it in a plant, they should consider building up skills for their operators. As the author denoted, â€Å"Plants become more flexible when managers stress to workers the importance of flexibility. For example, a plant that wants to excel at customizing products will need to develop the capabilities to carry out large range of jobs in the plant. Managers then need to determine what type of workforce or equipment (ex CIM) needs to enhance flexibility. After that managers need to figure out different ways to measure the type of flexibility sought and emphasize the importance of the measures to the employees. Trainings should be added in th e process to build up experienced workforce and eventually to see improvement in flexibility. For example, continuous learning problem such as operational excellence may help management team in different level to control and maintain a flexible manufacturing plant. Evaluate the outcome: By integrating the appropriate steps to a) defining the problem of flexibility, b) implication and analysis to select best alternatives and c) implement decision to change the system, the next step is to evaluate the outcome to see if there is any improvement or if not, further alterations will need to be made. Outcomes that need to be evaluated are not limited to employee training in different level. Employees training based on experience are critical for a manufacturing plant to increase flexibility. More experience workers are not willing to adapting the new systems such as CIM comparing to less experience workers who are more willing to change. Conclusion: A good manufacturing management team designs what is best way for its plant to run, and plants that are flexible in terms of mobility (in terms of change over time) and range (in terms of various productivity) tended to have a clear measures of what flexibility should be developed. Managers have to decide what benefits the plant, how the plant operate, what kind of flexibility they are looking for, select the right decision making tools such as CIM, training for the employees based on different levels of experience, analyzing the data and provide surveys for customers. Managers should provide people the support needed in order to achieve the goal for lower the cost, decreasing change over time, increasing throughput and eventually make more money. Manager should never put too much faith in depending on CIM to complete the tasks in ease. CIM provides critical advantages to improve factory flexibility only if it can be implemented in the right way to fit the system. CIM generally needs experienced operators to control so trainings are critical for employees in different level. CIM could only be one of the alternative tools for managers to use. The flexibility of a plant depends much more on people (manager, field-supervisors, engineers and operators) than on any technical factor (automation, CIM). Managers should never only embraced in CIM as the solution to the growing need to forge new capabilities, instead managers should put more faith in the day to day management of people. Extended Research: I read two other articles which were written within the last three years. It is obvious that both articles talk about how computer integration both software and hardware can help to improve process flow and flexibility of a plant. This is because a more mature CIM system has been established through studies from field experts and universities. In general, employees nowadays understand that continuous learning is the keys to maintain competitiveness in the job market. This doesn’t mean that managers’ job are easier to do, but flexibilities in all level from a plant, a team, or just individual are critical in order to maintain a competitive advantage. Reference: 1. Manufacturing Flexibility – Synchronizing the Shop Floor and Supply Chain by Aberdeen Group 2. Improving Plant Performance and Flexibility in Batch Process Manufacturing: With an Example from the Food and Beverage Industry by Filippo Focacci

Explain how Disability May affect learning Essay

The rate of development is dependent on many factors and can differ greatly from child to child. The main areas of development are: 1. Physical development 2. Social development 3. Intellectual development 4. Language development Read more:  Personal factors that affect child development essay Below is a short list of how they might develop in specific age ranges: 0-3 months: Smile, turn their head at familiar sounds, shake and hold a rattle, 6-12 months: Make noises and show feelings of joy and sadness, begin to crawl, recognise their name, look for dropped objects, reach towards food, show affection to familiar people 1-2 years: Begin to walk, begin to pick food up with fingers, wave, say no, hold drawing materials, shows preference for one hand, mostly cooperative, play alongside other children, use phrases 3 years: want to do things for themselves, demanding attention, jump, climb, paint, eat by themselves, understands how to do 2/3 things at once,  vocabulary extends, more controlled use of drawing materials, asking questions, making sentences, can walk on tip toes, pours liquid, kick and throw a ball, sense of humour. 4 years: Pedal a bike, throw with aim, confident with scissors, more cooperative with adults, likes to help with everything, sociable and starts to show concern for others 5 years: grammar more accurate, able to communicate own ideas, recognise their own written name, use pictures to follow stories in a book, questions become more complex, hold drawing material steadily and copy shapes and lettering 5-7 years: fluent speaker, can make up stories, handles books, start to read 7-12 years: team games, climb confidently and swing, hit a ball, skip run and jump, becoming less dependent on adults, aware of own gender, starts to form close friendships at about 8 years, can be shy, arrogant, bossy, uncertain, take an interest in certain subjects by 9, may need help with spelling but vocabulary will grow, know different tenses and grammar. 12-19 years: Adolescence is said to start for girls at age 11. At this stage they still lack clearly defined roles and feelings of anger, insecurity and frustration may surface. Rate of growth is different in children and a 15 year old girl can be physically mature by the time she is 15. Boys usually reach adolescence later at age 14 when their voices may break and they will develop body hair. Co-ordination and strength will increase greatly in both sexes. Their bodies are experiencing dramatic changes and they also become less worried about adult approval generally seeking peer approval in its place. Their pace of intellectual development depends now on what guidance they are given to make the connections between knowledge and practical application in daily life. The more they are supported the quicker they will grow. Task 2: Explain the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the difference is important The difference between sequence and rate is that the sequence of development is a process where one development is followed by another and achieves a certain level with a series of changes or growth that leads to a matured state. The rate of development is the pace of something that compares to something else. Although children follow the same pattern of development,  every child has a different rate of development. So sequence will mostly be uniform and rate is very likely to be different in each child. The difference is important because these principals run through all the areas of development from physical, social, intellectual and language no matter what the age of the child. If one or other is skipped or is slow it can be a cause for concern and may lead to a child being given a special recommendation or having a special need in or outside school. Task 3: Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors Home environment, relationships with carers/parents and siblings, the child itself, behaviours and health as well as personal characteristics, are all factors that can impinge on a child’s development, personal and external. If there are negative experiences in any of the factors it can be harmful to brain development and affect a child’s ability to gain the core skills that are necessary to reach developmental milestones. Developmental delays can happen in all areas of a child’s development or just one or two areas. Prenatal care can have a serious impact on a child’s development. Certain risks factors before birth can be avoided if the mother takes care of herself by not smoking or heavily drinking alcohol which could affect impact on brain development. Richard H. Schwarz, MD from American Baby states that ‘children whose mothers drank heavily during pregnancy may have problems with learning, memory, attention, speech, and hearing, as well as severe behavioral problems’ Health – is a very important factor in development. If a child has any serious health issues it can have a detrimental effect on their learning ability across all spheres of development. For example a deaf child will have language and communication issues and this will significantly slow down the learning process. Learning Difficulties – A child with learning problems may be many developmental years behind their peers; this will have a big impact on what they can do in all areas of development including physical skills, social skills and intellectual skills. Task 4: Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors There are many risk factors which can impinge on a child’s development. Home environment is key to development and learning by positive experience can make a huge difference. Much of what a child learns comes from the culture around them, early exposure to books, parental involvement and informal education in the home will be positive in a child’s development whereas poverty and neglect will have the opposite effect. This may mean a child develops poor social skills, may live in cramped housing where there is no room for play or to develop, unable to afford resources in and out of school, therefore not encouraging the child to progress in development outside school. Inability of parents to care for a child properly providing a positive home environment can influence how the child behaves at school. Community environment can also have a big part to play. Available resources and structure and in the community as well as the home make a difference to how a child can perceive the world. Task 5: Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice The many different theories of development are all equally important as they help us to understand children’s behaviour, reactions, and ways of learning and therefore influence practice. Jean Piaget was the first psychologist to make a study of cognitive development using detailed observational studies of cognition in children, and a series of simple tests to reveal different cognitive abilities. Before Piaget’s work, the common assumption in psychology was that children are less competent thinkers than adults. Piaget showed that young children think in very different ways compared to adults. His theory is that a developing child builds mental maps for understanding and responding to situations. Development is therefore biologically based and changes as the child matures. Cognition develops in all children in the same sequence of stages. Piagets work influenced t eaching practices to provide more hands on and relevant tasks for children where they learn through play. Piaget has been extremely influential in developing educational policy and teaching. For example, a review of primary education by the UK government in 1966 was based strongly on Piaget’s theory. The result of this review led to  the publication of the Plowden report (1967). The idea that children learn best through doing and actively exploring was seen as central to the transformation of primary school curriculum1. Unlike Piaget’s theory that children’s development must necessarily precede their learning, Vygotsky argued, â€Å"learning is a necessary and universal aspect of the process of developing culturally organized, specifically human psychological function† In other words, social learning tends to come before development and the environment in which they grow will influence how they think and what they think about. He places more emphasis on social contributions from peers, family and teachers believing this has a greater contribution towards lea rning than development. Vygotsky’s idea was â€Å"reciprocal teaching†, used to improve students’ ability to learn from text. In this method, teacher and students collaborate in learning and practicing four key skills: summarizing, questioning, clarifying, and predicting. The teacher’s role in the process is reduced over time. He believed that children could guide and develop each other by completing tasks together such as reading buddies which is widely used in schools today. Maria Montessori is associated with an educational method that encourages education through movement using multi sensory educational materials. Montessori also championed the concept of multi-age classrooms. She stated â€Å"The idea is for each child to move as quickly or as slowly as they need to move (in terms of learning).† Montessori believed that her ultimate aim would be accomplished by allowing the children to manipulate their environment. She believed it was not only important to Montessori to teach children the practical life skills necessary to live in society, but also to integrate the family into the learning process. Like Voygotsky, Montessori said that it was the union of the family and the school in the matter of educational aims that would enhance student learning and be beneficial to both the parents and the child. Montessori said that both home and school were places of social processes and it was important to educate children in both contexts to allow them the skills to generalize any lessons learned to their future schooling career and ultimately the greater society. Multi-age classes that are part of the Montessori method allow younger children to learn from older ones. The older children in a class are able to practice their skills by sharing them with younger children. The span of ages makes it easy for a younger  child with advanced skills in a particular area to be able to work at a higher level than other children of the same age. Older children build self-esteem by serving as class leaders.2 Schools now increasingly use â€Å"hands-on† methods to teach math and science. Though those schools may not use Montessori materials, the idea of using concrete items that children can manipulate is one promoted by Montessori. Many of these theories have come together and helped create a framework for learning and development. The Early Years Foundation Stage Framework for example uses some of these theories, positive relationships to encourage parents and carers to take an active part in their child’s learning (Vygotsky, Montessori), enabling environments, and the theory that every child learns and develops at different rates (Montessori). Children being allowed to play and explore by themselves as per Piagets theory, The Early Years Foundation Stage Framework states there are 3 prime areas for learning: communication & language: physical development: personal, social and emotional development: all of which our theorists believe in and articulated throughout their research. Task 6: Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods There are both summative and formative methods of assessment Summative monitoring such as SATS tests which are used to record progress and academic knowledge and general tests in class for example spelling and maths tests which will indicate a rate of progress. Formative methods such as different child observational methods such as focus child where the focus is on one child for a set amount of time, checklists where development is checked against specific milestones, time sampling recording information at regular intervals, structured which will monitor a child completing a pre set activity, naturalistic which a child will be observed during the normal course of events and a general diary record of the childs progress. An observer will evaluate the development of the child being measured against specific ‘milestones’ that should have been reached by a certain stage. The child is observed in the classroom or playground in their natural surroundings and also in the classroom to ascertain how they are progressing with their studies. The observer will gather a lot of information on behaviour patterns, interaction with peers and teachers, how the child co-ordinates and solves any problems. Specific emphasis should be  put on social behaviour, learning and motor skills. Sharing information with parents/carers and colleagues can be invaluable as they will see the child in a different setting perhaps to you and can also therefore make informed observations. An older child may need to be involved, according to their understanding, in any assessment of their development. This might include recording their feelings wishes and views. They would need to be monitored in different contexts (depending on which areas of their development is giving cause for concern). Culture and a different language being their first language must be taken into consideration. A child may not have developmental needs when using their first language and this will need to be noted and addressed. Any observational monitoring outcomes must be fed back to the parents/carers of a child. If developmental delays were found during the monitoring the SEN Code of Practice rules and guidance would need to be applied. There are many ways to monitor a child’s development and it is important that this monitoring is carried out throughout the early years and primary/secondary school to mitigate the risks of developmental delays. Task 7: Explain the reasons why children and young people’s development may not follow the expected pattern There are naturally many risk factors for development not following the expected pattern. These can be, but are not exclusive to, an emotionally unsettled family life, one parent family, disadvantaged environmentally, cultural differences, disability, learning difficulties, communication and language issues, lack of early exposure to informal education to name a few. Emotional difficulties can effect expected patterns of development. A child who experiences difficult relationships in the home, perhaps parents who argue or a one parent family situation where the single parent may have other children and no time for the individual child. If a child does not have a solid relationship with the adults in its life from an early stage they are more likely to develop low self esteem and are less likely to try new activities that would help their development. Parents who don’t talk or read to their children can also affect the child’s development educationally and socially. Environmental factors such as poverty and lack of facilities could affect a child’s development, if a family’s finances are  low some opportunities such as nursery will not be available and therefore reduce their exposure to early informal and formal education. If a disability is neglected or unidentified this could significantly affect a child’s development process. Not having the correct facilities or resources ca n obstruct a child’s development if a child or young person is physically not able to progress any further due to the severity of their learning need. Deafness will affect speech and communication. A child that is unable to use certain parts of their body will encounter developmental delays physically and possibly emotionally. A basic example is a child in a wheelchair will not be able to use a climbing frame and their physical development won’t be able to develop in the expected way. In addition the school they attend may lack facilities for their particular needs. Culturally there could be reasons for development delays for example girls in many cultures are not given the same opportunities as boys and this will limit their development, although that is unlikely to be the case in the UK it certainly is the case in some countries. Girls in certain cultures are perhaps not expected to do as well as boys as they will marry early and be taken care of by a husband and his extended family. Where this is ingrained into a child they might try less hard at school. Particular learning difficulties will have a huge impact on development without the correct help early on. A child having difficulties with reading and writing and understanding basic instructions will fall behind its peers. Communication difficulties, for example children with a different first language to that of the school where they attend may experience developmental delays due to lack of understanding on both the child’s and teachers part. In addition, incorrect/lack of communication resources can impair a child’s communication development. If the child or young person is physically unable to communicate, they will be unable to develop this area. This may lead to a lack of social skills or confidence which can negatively influence a child’s development. Taking all of the above examples into consideration it is vitally important that the risk factors are identified and where possible, mitigated early on.

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Management Information Systems - Essay Example omplete inherent chip intelligence has an added advantage in that their layering of the security tools ensure better encryption capabilities that are not existing on other conventional methods of payment such as the magnetic strips of the credit and debit cards, hence this will reduce any chances of counterfeiting and skimming of the payment methods (Coskun, 2012). Also security is largely depends on proximity and since the customer will hold the card near the NFC reader to make payment goes ahead to strengthen the security. By using NFC technology to make your payments is very convenient in the sense that it simplifies the process for the users to make instant payment through their phones or tablets. Using this payment method is considerably very simple to use and understand. It enables the customers perform financial transactions by simply touching the phone screens One of the most exclusive benefit of NFC is the employment of contactless payment. This allows customers to swipe their phone over a card reader without the necessity to using debit or credit card or even cash. This technology also allows the customer to select from multiple card to determine which one he/she wishes to use for any given transaction. With this feature the customer is able to save time and the possibility of losing their cards in the process (IEEE, 2012). Another of the beneficial implications of the near field technology to the customers today is their versatility. Their ability to cover a variety of uses and its ease of use using a regular device we carry dairy is very significant (IEEE, 2012). A customer can be able to do a variety of things such as read information from the NFC tags, pay for groceries or even pay for a taxi. With the rapid growth in the smartphone usage combined with the importance the NFC technology adds to it, customers will have whatever they need at any given time without having to pull out a wallet, cards or tickets (Ahson, 2012). NFC technology come with

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 46

Personal Statement Example One thing I love about Marketing is that it is never boring. I see myself in a role where I would be constantly updating myself on the latest trends and consumer preferences, the latest techniques of advertising, and new wonders of digital technology. Another very appealing aspect of Marketing is that it requires teamwork. People from different cultures join hands, bringing the very best from their respective cultures, to promote a product or service. As a Marketer, I shall be able to socialize with culturally diverse peers on daily basis and form long-lasting contacts and bonds with them. Marketing is like artwork. It takes an innovative approach for an ad or other means of marketing to gain that special attention for the audience which can make the sales for a particular product or service stand out. It takes thorough knowledge, deep thinking, prudent planning, teamwork, dedication, and commitment to successfully market a product or service. All these elements combined in one profession make it worth more than just a source of income. The satisfaction and feeling of accomplishment that comes with the success of a product or service because of effective marketing is overwhelming. Successful brands like Gucci, Giorgio Armani, and Pepsi heavily invest in marketing and the sales profile reflects the fruit of investment. I love the experimentation in Marketing. From issuing loyalty stamps to the customers to discount days, Marketers are always busy trying something new to enlarge the customer base and gain customer loyalty. Having practiced these techniques for some years in some big firms, I intend to apply the lessons and techniques thus learned to make my own brand successful, which I intend to establish some years later. Marketing can make or break a business, so it is crucially important for someone who aspires to become an entrepreneur in the long-term to be formally

Sports injuries Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Sports injuries - Research Paper Example Although most people do not lose their consciousness, there is a tendency to forget events prior to or immediately after concussions. In some cases, individuals sustaining concussions simply feel confused. A concussion may not be life-threatening, but it can have very serious effects on an individual’s health (Cornell University). The symptoms of concussion are rare to notice. In most cases, it is difficult to tell if someone has sustained concussion especially if there are no bruises on the head. However, there are some signs that manifest in most patients who have sustained concussion. Some of the physical signs include nausea, vomiting, persistent headaches, dizziness, high sensitivity to light, blurred vision, tiredness, and balance problems. Some of the emotional signs include sadness, anxiety, bad mood, and unusually high temper. Young children with concussions can develop prolonged headaches, cry more than usual, change the way they act or play, develop sad mood, and lose interest in their usual activities. They can also lose new skills such as toilet training. In addition, they can have trouble while walking or even lose their balance. Moreover, they can easily be upset or lose their tempers (Cornell University). The long-term effects of concussions depend on the severity of the injury, subsequent treatment, and the age of the athlete. Concussions caused by severe injuries often take very long periods to heal. Similarly, untreated symptoms of concussions may take a long period to subside. Additionally, very young athletes take more time than adults to recover from concussions (Cornell University). Second impact syndrome occurs mostly in young athletes, particularly the ones under the age of 18. It usually arises when an individual sustains a concussion before recovering completely from a prior brain injury. The second concussion interrupts cerebral blood flow, subsequently triggering vascular engorgement, herniation of the brain, and increased

Collective Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Collective Law - Essay Example There were many law collectives in the 1970s and till late 1980s. These collectives ran as worker-run, co operative law firms. They often had revolutionary politics, and supported explicitly revolutionary groups and individuals. Lawyer and non-lawyer employees were paid the same wages, and had equal decision- making power. At some law collectives, workers supporting families were paid more. A handful of law collectives organized along those lines still exist – For example, the People's Law Office in Chicago. There has been a small movement of activist law collectives since the 1999 Seattle WTO protests. These groups are usually non-lawyer centered, they run along anarchist principles even if they do not explicitly identify as anarchist, and work as part of the movement for social justice. These law collectives are made up mostly or entirely of non-lawyers. They are located in cities including Philadelphia, Washington, DC; New York; Madison; Portland; Oakland; and Montreal, Ott awa, and Toronto, Canada. This new generation of law collective works to empower people to provide their own legal support. They give "trainer trainings" so people can give "Know Your Rights" and other workshops to their communities; teach people to provide legal support for their affinity groups or for specific protests; and demystify the law in general and law collective work in particular.... the "A16" World Bank and IMF protests in 2000; the Republican and Democratic convention protests, also in 2000; the Free Trade Area of the Americas FTAA protests in 2001 and 2004; on going protests by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty; and in the mass protests around the US against the war in Iraq in 2003. Role of collective law in Canada:- Canadians believe that the rule of law must govern relations between states. Canadians have deemed their own security indivisible from that of their allies. These are the abiding foundations of Canada's commitment to collective security. Canadians have a strong sense of responsibility to alleviate suffering and respond, where their efforts can make a difference. Canadians have proven their worth in the past and remain equally valid in a global environment that is increasingly inter dependent. Canada cannot dispense with the maritime, land, and air combat capabilities of modern armed forces. at present, there is no immediate direct military threat to Canada and that today's conflicts are far from our shores. even so, the country must maintain a prudent level of military force to deal with challenges to our sovereignty in peacetime, and retain the capability to generate forces capable of contributing to the defense of their country when the need arise. Beyond the basic national requirement, were Canada to abandon the capability to participate effectively in the defense of North America, NATO-Europe allies, and victims of aggression elsewhere, the country would stand to lose a significant degree of respect and influence abroad. Collective Security and the Changing Face of Peacekeeping. If the country make a significant

Descartes - A Piece of Wax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Descartes - A Piece of Wax - Essay Example There are many principles which create certain thought which will lead us to conclude something that is usually consistent and powerful. We guide our lives by these thoughts and ideas. And much of this comes about because of our faculties, which allows us to sense things in different magnitudes. Our five senses can lead us to believe in things that may fail us. During Descartes’ second meditation, he decides that everything he sees is not really there. What our eyes perceive may be a result of what the world has labeled to be real. But what our minds observe, gives us greater insight into the world around us. II. Our Mind’s Observations The observation of the world around Descartes has caused him to take a step back and view his life in a different manner. He creates doubt within his own mind because without doubt, he holds that one is naive in their thinking. Doubt allows for reflection and with reflection comes the knowledge of what needs to improve and how one may go about with the improvement. Without doubt, life in itself is blissful. The doubt that Descartes experiences is so powerful that he feels he can’t just forget what he is thinking. He has to act upon this new found doubt and get to the root of the problem. III. Doubt and Certainty For Descartes, the root of the problem is not doubt. Part of Descartes meditation lends closer towards finding out what is being doubted and he states that he will not rest until his longing to find what is certain is satisfied. He is so adamant to find a solution that he is willing to compromise. That compromise is him relinquishing all rights to finding what is certain and being ok with the fact that nothing may be certain in the end. Certainty is not guaranteed. In much of Descartes writings he makes arguments that cause one to think about their existence, the purpose of their existence and the end result. Observing a piece of wax lends towards his argument on the fact that the mind is more certai nly known than the body due to perception. He says that all knowledge of external objects, including his body, could be false as a result of a demon. However, the idea that his mind exists cannot be a deception because his nature is not just made up of the body but also of a thinking thing. He says that even the corporal objects such as his own body is known more distinctly through the mind due to how the mind perceives what is in front of it. IV. Perception’s Relativity Perception is key to knowledge. Such is the idea of wax that Descartes was vehemently focusing on during his second meditation. As the wax melts, he believes that our minds begin to perceive its matter differently. Our mind realizes that the purpose of the wax has changed and can no longer be used in the way that the world has previously dictated. The properties create a new and yet meaningful definition that only our intellect can comprehend. Though the property of the wax may have changed, it now lends to a new purpose but keeps the same name. Our minds know and understand that regardless of the property the wax may be in during a particular state, it still is and will always be a piece of wax. Descartes claims that we know this

System Identification and Security Categorization Essay

System Identification and Security Categorization - Essay Example The principles of the CIA triad; integrity, availability and confidentiality are highly prioritized in the information system. Necessary control mechanism has been incorporated into the information security system in order to provide protection. These controls have been categorized to technical, management and operational controls. VA’s contain critical information and therefore effective organization, an accomplishment and supervision controls should be conducted with care. The main obligation of the e VAs is to accomplish the highest level of security while meeting the critical needs of an organization. The VA has been typically viewed by the majority as a mechanism for protecting information and information systems. This is not the case since its major concern is to protect the availability, confidentiality and integrity of the information and the information system. The control principles form the pillars of the CIA triad. Actions regarding risk management can be executed when planning, assessment of the significance of the risk and identification are carried out in a proper way. Though risk management will not absolutely eliminate risk, it possibly reduces the risk actualization, provides significant remedy and penitential risks in the future. The main goal of the VA is to protect information and information system through risk management program to achieve strategic and operational goals. The strategy adopted by the Information Security Management Act is based on risk approach. This is sated in the VA (2007), â€Å"the operating unit is responsible for conducting an accurate and thorough risk assessment to identify potential risk, vulnerabilities and threats to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of sensitive information held by VA.† The possibility of incurring a threat is potentially construed by the management  controls.  

The Case of the Off-Rhythm Bongo Player Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Case of the Off-Rhythm Bongo Player - Essay Example As explained by Jason Bardi reports from the Scripps Institute, "calcium is a second messenger and regulates many different intracellular processes, including gene expression within cells." (Bardi, 2004) and "the transfer or spread of this excitability to a neuronal network, manifested as electro-graphic and clinical seizures, occurs via synaptic transmission." (Wellmer J, Su H, Beck H, Yaari Y and Eur J Neurosci, 2002) The effect on ion channels and effect on threshold are distinctive in the sense that "native calcium channels have been classified by both their electrophysiological and pharmacological properties and are generally divided into low-threshold (T-types) and high threshold (L-, N-, P/Q- and R-types). The L-, N-, P/Q- and R-type channels typically activate at membrane potentials near -30 mV and display diverse kinetic, voltage-dependent and pharmacological properties.1 The availability of specific pharmacological agents targeting the high threshold channels has permitted elucidation of many of their physiological functions. The T-type calcium channels describe a class of molecules that transiently activate at relatively negative potentials (-60 mV) and for which a general lack of high-affinity selective blockers has made their exact physiological contributions lag behind those of the high-voltage activated isoforms" (Snutch, 2005) The effect on Bado's muscles including the aching, twitching and tingling fingers is based on how the calcium mediates constriction and relaxation of blood vessels. This includes those excitable cells which controls the nerve impulses like those occurring in his twitching fingers. More definitively explained by Jane Higdon of the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon University, calcium plays a role in mediating the constriction and relaxation of blood vessels (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and the secretion of hormones, such as insulin. Excitable cells, such as skeletal muscle and nerve cells, contain voltage-dependent calcium channels in their cell membranes that allow for rapid changes in calcium concentrations. For example, when a muscle fiber receives a nerve impulse that stimulates it to contract, calcium channels in the cell membrane open to allow a few calcium ions into the muscle cell. These calcium ions bind to activator proteins within the cell that release a flood of calcium ions from storage vesicles inside the cell. The binding of calcium to the protein, troponin-c, initiates a series of steps that lead to muscle contraction. The binding of calcium to the protein, calmodulin, activates enzymes that breakdown muscle glycogen to provide energy for muscle contraction. (Higdon, 2003) As explained in the following afflictions, cell excitability and effects on the skeletal muscle are discussed: a) Hyperkalemia: "In acute hyperkalemia, the ratio of intracellular to extracellular K+ is decreased. The gap between the resting membrane potential to the excitability threshold is decreased and the nerve conduction is initiated more easily. If this continues it progresses to weakness of muscles. Gradual hyperkalemia, as in

African Studies & Feminism Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

African Studies & Feminism - Term Paper Example Van Allen’s analysis (1972) makes the important point that Colonialism caused a tremendous amount of loss to Igbo women. This challenges the common view that Colonialism was a good thing, and that it saved women from all kinds of barbarous practices. This reason is the transfer of sexist and discriminatory attitudes from the colonial powers to African society such as the view that â€Å"politics was a man’s concern† (Van Allen, 1972, p.165-166). Finally, this article clearly demonstrates that a sophisticated village-by-village system of government had operated very successfully before the colonial powers arrived, and that it was elimination of the village assembly, in which all villagers had the right to speak, that did the most damage to the position of Igbo women in their society. The voice of women in village affairs was silenced and they were thus prevented from participating in decisions that affected their lives and the lives of their families. This article shows the harm that was done by Colonialism, in the name of progress, and identifies the source of the modern day oppression of Igbo women as being the Colonial powers, and not local ideas and customs, The report by O’Barr et al. captures the enthusiasm and the main resolutions of a massive meeting of 14,000 women called to mark the end of the United Nations Decade for Women.A key outcome was the realization that the enormous differences that exist between the experiences of women in very different countries are likely to continue on into the future, and the meeting resolved to ensure that these differences would â€Å"generate a creative strength, not draining weakness, in the effort to implement a women’s agenda nationally and internationally† ... The diversity of voices is a deliberate tactic to illustrate a second important finding: there will not be a one-size-fits-all solution to problems that affect women world-wide. Themes such as divorce, aging, widowhood and non-marriage show considerable convergence between Third World and Western women’s experiences, but some areas such as poverty and exclusion from education and healthcare are highlighted as being very different, depending on location (O’Barr et al. 1986, p. 592). A third important contribution in this article is the factor of race, and it was noted that women of African descent in particular had to deal with the issue of racial privilege, most usually accorded to white women, and in some countries this was compounded by issues like ethnic and gender segregation imposed by the state in question. Although this article is not formed into a smooth and logical argument, like the Van Allen (1972) article it nevertheless makes a powerful statement through it s multifaceted approach, giving a full range of information from many perspectives. It shows that women in the world face many different challenges, and that efforts to tackle them will need to be varied and flexible, in order to adapt to each situation. Above all, the coming together of leading women in great numbers gives a tremendous boost to those involved, and it creates a momentum for political change that ripples across the globe. The most striking feature of Amina Mama’s article on Gender Studies for Africa’s Transformation (2003) is that it represents a new generation’s perspective. It builds on the work of papers such as the two mentioned above, and reports on scholarly work and teaching conducted by African women and for African

Challenges that working women face today Essay Example for Free

Challenges that working women face today Essay Introduction In today’s culture where individualism is emphasized and especially that women are encouraged to assume equal roles as men would normally take, two or three decades ago, it is very difficult to see eye to eye with how women are during biblical times. â€Å"Girl power† or women empowerment is the rule of the day for women nowadays. Although, of course, all women as all men have the right to lead in the sense that they have the same intrinsic capacity to influence, the role of leadership has been blown out of proportion by feminist groups as they apply it to women. The result of this over blown leadership role of women has been the constant battle between members of opposite sexes in many significant areas within society. It has affected the homes, government and non-government institutions, down to the smallest entity that has within its membership men and women. The Challenges Today, despite the liberty afforded to women since their right to suffrage had been granted, myriads of problems assails them as they exercise many of their freedoms. These include sexual harassment and abuse, balancing family life and, still being debated to a degree is the issue on an equitable salary or pay. Generally, the women today have double jobs not to mention the close attention they pay towards their children’s schooling. This is usually true in urbanized and highly educated centers in the mainland USA. Despite these changes of traditional roles of women in the cities, there are yet rural areas where women assume roles that are still traditional. Women in these areas are still known to be subservient to their men; oftentimes abuses are the rule not the exception. Abuses come in the form of incest, rape, lure of prostitution, cybernet prostitution, abortion, domestic violence, sex tourism, and mail order brides among others. However, without exception, more less educated women are abused than their more educated counterparts who also have more access to social services. In other words, the abuses mentioned characterized women, though the incidence and degree are comparatively higher in the less educated and misplaced/marginalized areas (Malveuax et al., 2002). ~ Salary Equity Despite the provision by law that there should be equal remuneration standards for men and women, many firms and workplaces continue to abuse women of this right (Equal Employment Opportunity Act). This law precisely was originally intended for women to receive equal pay and be protected against anomalous employers who make whimsical decisions regarding their women employees. It provides against employers who may lower wages from either sex or labor organizations that will attempt to influence employers against employees’ wages (Taber, 2008). The question is how prevalent is the discrimination or abuse on employee salaries? Basically, most occupations still show discrepancy with women versus men wages, although various explanations are put forth. However the factors may be explained, the fact still remains that women lose around 20 to 30 percent to that of men’s income (77cents to one dollar for men) as reported by The Washington Post (2007 July). ~Balancing Work and family (Work-Life Initiatives) Work-life initiatives are strategies implemented by firms to reduce turnover and increase productivity and overall firm performance. Studies were made to examine the influence and effects of work-life initiatives on employees and the organization in general. Workplace diversity which incorporates the concepts of work-life initiatives does indicate that it is inevitable that when a company introduces work-life initiatives, there is a resulting increase in diversity. Substantial evidence point to the effectiveness of workplace diversity hence, many institutions encourage and promote this in their particular milieu (http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm). It is inevitable that juggling work and family life will be one of a person’s demanding experiences. The rationale for having a job is not only to have a livelihood, achieve personal satisfaction in the expression of his abilities and trainings, and receive his remuneration and perks on the side. Preparation for family stability to be able to provide and thus create an atmosphere of care, for bachelors/maidens, is also the foremost and logical reason for having a job. However, the thin thread that separates between the two polarities becomes blurred, and there lies the tension that pulls a person in different directions. The Center for Mediation and Dispute Resolution opens its website with the following quote: â€Å"Our life is one giant balancing act (http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm).† Perhaps, no person will ever disagree with that statement. The goal then is to know how to do the balancing act, to gain competencies in achieving a rewarding, flourishing kind of life that holds work in one hand, while maintaining a well-nurtured and healthy family on the other hand. ~Sex Harassment What is perhaps most important to women’s well-being is their security against abuse of any form from employers, fellow employees and other people as they conduct their day-to-day affairs. Sex harassment is defined by the Women’s Justice Network as â€Å"Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. Whether sexual harassment is from a supervisor, co-workers or customers, it is an attempt to assert power over another person. The harassment may take place in your work setting, outside of your work setting, in your home, while traveling on business or at business functions† (20002). Conclusion While at the moment, the common cry of women is equality to both genders as it is reflected in women’s roles in the family, in public places, and the obliteration of the stereotyped designation of females in past decades which until now has its bearing in the minds of the general public the consequent outcome of this campaign is prevalent in almost every area where function is concerned. In the late 1960s, women’s movement began to blossom. It was stirred by the then sentiment of repulsion to the tasks being typecasted among women. Women’s movement of the 60s aimed to question the menial duties relegated to women such as getting married, becoming a housewife and afterwards attending to household chores (including raising children), and when outside opportunity comes for them to work, they’re consigned to answering phones, photocopying, etc (Encarta, 2006). The scenery has been changed and is no longer the same as in the past 30 or 40 years. The typical woman today is one that is among the working class – no longer confined to house premises, but working and providing as much as her male counterparts. She can be the manager or an executive of an established firm where most of the male employees are under her command. Equality in roles has now been achieved. Whereas this status and depiction of women in itself is not outright negative, the undercurrent force that it has created is the programming of the minds of today’s women to be resistant to the biblical description of their role as they are teamed with men. Instead of seeing male and female partnership as complimentary to both sexes, the danger of too much emphasis on equality especially when it is defined merely in domestic and public functions is the threat that masculinity poses to womanhood. It is good for women to fight for their basic equal rights with men as members of this global community, but if it results in certain imbalances because the aim has become the dethronement of the opposite gender, then the battle for equality has now turned into fight for superiority of the female sex. Reference: 1. Encarta Dictionary 2006. (DVD). 2. Malveaux, Julianne, Deborah Perry, Deborah L. Perry. 2002. Unfinished Business: A Democrat and a Republican Take on the 10 Most Important Issues Women Face. Penguin Group USA. 3. Halonen, JS and JW Santrock, 1996. Psychology: Contexts of Behavior, Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark, p.810. 4. __________ â€Å"Values: what are they?†2007. Family Works : University of Illinois extension. Accessed November 10. 2007. http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/familyworks/values-01.html 5. _________Centre for Mediation Dispute Resolution, accessed in http://www.cmdronline.com/workshops.htm 6. Taber, Loren. The Law in the Workplace. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:2K4rLBDHP90J:www.cbi-cc.org/PowerPoints/The%2520Law%2520in%2520the%2520Workplace.ppt+women+issues+on+discrimination+in+salary/wageshl=enct=clnkcd=1 7. _________ â€Å"Men vs Women: Asking for more Money. The Washington Post. July 30, 2007. Accessed February 28, 2008 http://ocouha.com/weblog/tags/earnings-income-salary-wages-wealth/ 8. _________ â€Å"Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Toronto Harassment support Group. Retrieved February 28, 2008. http://www.owjn.org/issues/s-harass/work.htm

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay

Fungal And Bacterial Amylase During Starch Breakdown Biology Essay The lab conducted focused on examining the effects of temperature on the ability of fungal and bacterial amylase to breakdown starch to maltose, and determine the temperature at which these two amylases work best, which is known as optimal temperature. The experimental part of the lab consisted in setting up the utensils that were going to be used during the actual experiment. During this section test tubes were labeled, and spot plates were placed in temperature/ time table created. For the second section of the experiment, iodine was placed in each row of the spot plates for each temperatures, and the solutions in the test tubes( bacterial , fungal amylase and starch mixture) were added to those same spots were iodine was added, depending on the time and the temperature corresponding to each amylase. The optimal temperature was deducted by observing the color change in the spot plates and comparing them with a color-coding scheme for starch hydrolysis. Conclusions for this task were reached by analyzing the data collected by each group, which suggests that a change in temperature disturbs the activity of enzyme amylase. When exposed to low and high temperatures, these enzymes were not able to function properly, therefore, reducing or eliminating their ability to breakdown certain compounds, especially starch. Enzymes need maintain at a certain temperature to be able to function at its optimal. Introduction: Enzymes are complex proteins produced by all living organisms with the function of enhancing chemical reactions through a process known as catalysis. During this process, the substrates, which are the molecules that will undergo the reaction, binds to the active site of the enzyme to form different molecules called products. Each active site on the enzyme is unique, permitting only substrates that match the shape of the active site to bind to the enzyme in a process known as lock and key model, however, active sites are able to adjust their shape to permit the binding with a substrate through the induced fit model, which moves entire protein domains (Raven et al., 2008; Ringe Petsko, 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Catalysts, like enzymes, work by reducing the amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to take place by linking two substrates in the correct orientation or by accentuating chemical bonds of a substrate, which reduces the energy difference between reactants and transition state. Enzymes are not consumed or changed during the reaction and they do not alter the equilibrium of the reactions they catalyze (Garcia et al, 2004; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012). The activity of enzymes is affected by multiple factors, including 1) pH (ranges from pH 6 to 8), 2) temperature (Rate of reaction increases with temperature, but only up to a point called optimum temperature. A change in temperature, either below or above the optimum, causes the active site to denature, decreasing or preventing substrate binding. When exposed to low temperatures enzymes are not flexible enough to permit induce fit, and in high temperatures enzymes are too weak to maintain their shape.), 3) substrate concentration (If amount of enzyme is preserved constant and substrate concentration is gradually increased, the reaction velocity will increase until it reaches a maximum. After this point increasing substrate concentration will not increase the rate of reaction), 4) allosteric inhibitors and activators (Inhibitors are substances that bind to an enzyme and decreases its activity, and they can occur in two ways; competitive inhibitors and noncompetitive inhibitors. Effec tors that enhance enzyme activity are referred to as allosteric activators, which bid to allosteric sites to keep an enzyme in its active configuration), and 4) cofactors (Many enzymes required the presence of other compounds, called cofactors, which during the catalytic activity, A cofactor can be a coenzyme, a prosthetic group or a metal ion activator (Harisha, 2006; Raven et al., 2008; Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009). Enzymes have a wide spectrum of functions in the bodies of living organisms; they are present from signal transduction to generation of muscle contraction. The also break starch molecules, forming smaller fragments of maltose, which can be easily absorbed by mammals. And it is the ability of enzymes to breakdown starch and the effect of temperature during this process that will be analyzed in the lab (Whitehurst Van Oort, 2009; Alberte et al., 2012), expecting that the results collected confirm that temperature does have an effect in bacterial and fungal amylase activity. Methods: The experiment should be performed once per group, using fungal (Apergillus oryzae) and bacterial amylase. Starch catalysis will be monitored by using Iodine test, which turns from yellow to blue-black in the presence of starch. Experimental Setup Place a paper under the spot plates and label the top side with temperature values 0,40,60,95 Â °C, and the side with the times 0,2,4,6,8,10 min. Obtain 4 test tubes and label each with a different temperature, enzyme source, either bacterial or fungal and group number. Repeat previous step, but this time include the letter S, which stands for Starch solution. Finally add 5ml of 1.5% starch solution into each of the test tubes labeled S. Effect of temperature in amylase activity Add 1ml of amylase into each of the test tubes that do not contain starch, and place the 8 test tubes (4 containing starch and 4 containing amylase) into their respective temperatures, allowing all test tubes to equilibrate for 5 minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the first row of the spot plate corresponding to o minutes. After 5 minutes has passed and test tubes are equilibrated, transfer a few drops of starch solution from each temperature to the row where you added the iodine. Pour the starch solution into the tube containing amylase without taking it put of bath, and set the timer for two minutes. Add 2-3 drops of iodine to the second row, and after 2 minutes has passes, transfer a few drops of the starch-amylase mixture from each tube to the 2 minutes row using the pipette correspondent to each temperature. After each additional 2 min, add 2-3 drops of iodine and a few drops from starch amylase mixture. At the end of 10 min, note the temperature and the time at which 100% hydrolysis occurred. Repeat the procedure using the other amylase type, and using the color-coding scheme convert results into numerical values. Results: Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 4.333333 3.166667 3 5 4 4.166667 3.083333 2.833333 5 6 4 3 2.75 5 8 4 3 2.683333 5 10 3.833333 3 2.75 5 Table 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for bacterial amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 1, showing color changes for each temperature. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 5 5 5 5 2 3.333333 2.666667 3.166667 5 4 3.333333 2.666667 3.083333 5 6 3.333333 2.666667 2.833333 5 8 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 10 3.333333 2.416667 2.833333 5 Table 2: Class Average data for Fungal Amylase activity After all groups performed the experiment, a class data for fungal amylase was collected. The average of the data was calculated and presented in Table 2, showing color changes for each temperature. Graph 1: Class Average for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 1 exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial amylase is 60Â °C Graph 2: Class Average Data for Fungal Amylase activity Graphical Representation Results from Table 2 were exposed in a graph, showing that all groups optimal temperature for Bacterial is 40Â °C Figure 1: Color coding-scheme for starch breakdown Starch hydrolysis color coding scheme is used to determine the optimal temperature for each amylase during starch breakdown Figure 2: Bacterial amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate during bacterial amylase experiment showing the amylase reaction during each temperature Figure 3: Fungal amylase activity spot plate Group number 1 spot plate for fungal amylase experiment showing starch breakdown during each temperature Graph 3: Bacterial Amylase Activity graphical representation Bacterial amylase activity data taken from table 1 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 60Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 blue/black 4 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 blue/black 4 light brown 3 light brown 3 blue/black 6 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 blue/black 8 med brown 3.5 light brown 3 med yellow 2 blue/black 10 med brown 3.5 dark yellow 2.5 med yellow 2 blue/black Table 3: Bacterial Amylase activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by bacterial amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Graph 4: Fungal Amylase Activity graphical representation Fungal amylase activity data taken from Table 4 showing that optimal temperature for this kind of amylase according to group 1 is 40 Â °C Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Color # Color # Color # Color Time (min) 0 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 5 blue/black 2 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 4 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 6 light brown 3 dark yellow 2.5 light brown 3 blue/black 8 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black 10 light brown 3 med yellow 2 light brown 3 blue/black Table 4: Fungal Amylase Activity Group 1 recorded color changes for each temperature during breakdown of starch by fungal amylase, and it was represented in numerical values by using color coding scheme presented in Figure 1 Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.258199 0 0 4 0.258199 0.258199 0.258199 0 6 0.316228 0.316228 0.418330 0 8 0.316228 0.316228 0.376386 0 10 0.516398 0.316228 0.418330 0 Table 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity From the results from Table 1, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 5: Class Average Standard Deviation for Bacterial Amylase activity Graphical Representation Data from Table 5 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal. Temp (Â °C) 0 40 60 95 Time (min) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.408248 0.516398 0.68313 0 4 0.408248 0.408248 0.66458 0 6 0.408248 0.408248 0.68313 0 8 0.408248 0.491596 0.68313 0 10 0.408248 0.449868 0.68313 0 Table 6: Class Average Standard deviation for Fungal Amylase Activity From the results from Table 2, the standard deviation was taken, showing that the results collected by each group for Bacterial amylase are close to average results. Graph 6: Class Average Standard Deviation graphical Representation Data from Table 6 was exposed in a graph, showing that the difference between the mean and the samples collected by each group is minimal Discussion: After evaluating the results of the experiment, present in Table 1 and 2 it can be concluded that the data provides enough evidence to support the predictions or hypothesis presented in the introduction section that when temperature is not optimal for an enzyme, it will denature or reduce its functions. The results showed that low or high temperatures have an effect in the ability of enzymes to break down starch (Graph 1 and 2). By comparing the results with color coding scheme provided (Figure 1), the optimal temperatures for both amylases were able to be determined. The optimal temperature for the enzyme had a bright yellow color, which meant that the amylase was able to breakdown the starch present in the solution; when the solution remained blue-black the enzyme is said to be denature, meaning that it was not capable of breaking down the starch( Figure 2 and 3). The most important parameters taken into account to get the previous results were temperature and time. Looking at the color for the reaction between starch and amylase, by using the Iodine test, it can be concluded that for bacterial amylase, the optimal temperature is 40 Â °C, and this occurs around the 6 minute time. Fungal amylase optimum temperature was reached at 6 minutes time and it was 60 Â °C. All the previous result can be observed in Figure 2 and 3, as well as in Graph 1 to 5 Table 5 and 6 show that the results of the experiment are consistent for all lab groups, because the difference between the sample data collected by each individual group and the average of that data is minimal, showing that, the results collected by each group are close very close to be accurate. What parameters of the experimental design were important in the expected (or unexpected) results? The expectations for the experiment concurred with the results, because a previous understanding of enzymes was given in the lab manual, however, the optimal temperatures were not exactly known because each enzyme works best depending on its environment. For future research, the range in temperature should be more variable, not only including positive values, but negative ones. Also, if enzymes sources had more variation, it will provide a better understanding of the optimal conditions and temperature of enzymes. Literature Cited/ References: Alberte J., Pitzer T., Calero K. (2012).General Biology Lab Manual / Second Edition. Florida International University: The McGraw Hill Companies. Garcia-Viloca M., Gao J., Karplus M. Truhlar D. G.(2004). How Enzymes Work: Analysis by Modern Rate Theory and Computer stimulations. Science 303:pp. 186-195. Harisha S. (2006). Introduction to Practical Biotechnology. India: Laxmi Publications. Raven P., Johnson G. B., Mason K. A., Losos J. B., Singer S. S. (2008). Biology 8th edition. New York: The McGraw Hill Companies. Ringe D., Petsko G. A. (2008). How Enzymes Work. Science 320: pp. 1428. Whitehurst R. J., Van Oort M. (2009). Enzymes in Food Technology: Wiley-Blackwell; 2nd edition.

Philosophy :: essays research papers

My Philosophy 02150 I often sit and wonder is there a greater being that created all that is around us? I always find myself with the same conclusion there must be. Everyone was created for a purpose even if that is to be a shoulder to cry on or an ear to listen, that might make a difference in their life. Everyone has their place and who they are in the world. Everyone should have the freedom to not be judged and the freedom to express their individuality. Love should be expressed more between people, a simple smile is a sign of love for another. Love can't be defined but only felt. Be grateful for the gifts God has given you, you don't understand what they meant to you until they are gone. Relationships with others good and bad; build character. Don't worry about the small things as much focus on the larger and the future. We feel emotion it is a great gift given to us, emotion are the basis of life, all our thoughts are surrounded by emotion. Emotions can't be defined they are to complex to understand and try to explain; a child could say they are sad when a parent dies while another child could say they are sad when a parent hits them; is this the same emotion? the eyes are a window to the soul. They give us a sense of emotion that is being felt, looking deep Into someone's eyes can create many complex feelings. Communication is the most important aspect within a relationship it help to express feelings, thoughts, dreams and it takes a good listeners to carry a conversation. The best thing you can do for someone is love them. Nature cleanses the soul a cool rain or just string at the stars on a clear night can do wonders for the soul. If it's to be it's up to me. Life is full of excitement it's a matter of waking up to discover it. It's a good quality to be a dreamer and always imagine what or how things could be different. A bigger problem then world hunger or war is how we treat each others not everyone is treated equal or with respect. This is what we have to start worrying about before the larger issues. Life's stories and experiences make us who we are.

New Institutional Economics and the Philippines Essay -- Economy Econo

New Institutional Economics and the Philippines New Institutional Economics offers a way to examine the dynamics of growth -particularly with an eye toward explaining the problems of slow growth in developing economies, where market systems may be presumed to be weak or incomplete. I will review these concepts within the framework of the Philippines, a sizable country with a rich and diverse set of resources, which however is not achieving significant growth. At present the Philippines is in a depressed albeit not grim state. It remains firmly enmeshed in the World Banks lower middle income category of nations with a GDP per capita of $1,050 (U.S. 1998 Atlas method). 38% of the Philippines population is below the national poverty line. And it has one of the higher population growth rates in the region at 2.7% which will double the population within 30 years if continued1. Growth rate of GDP per capita in the period 1988 to 1998 was only 1.3%. Its total debt in 1998 was 73% of Gross Domestic Product and this is a growing percentage through the last decade. The overall story on exports is not clear, but traditional export products and categories (sugar, coconut oil /related products, rice, and timber) are not growing. Perhaps the most notable element is the degree to which it has not shared in regional growth. As noted by Yoshihara Kunio, relative per capita GNP between the Philippines and Thailand has reversed in the last 40 to 50 years (Y oshihara, 2). One reason for this is the tremendously damaging twenty year government of Ferdinand Marcos which among many other things left the county in an extremely indebted state at the onset of a world wide recession in the late 1980’s. A period of relative political instability follo... ...ent of the New Institutional Economics.† Harriss 27-48. -Toye, John â€Å" the NIE and its Implications for Development Theory.† Harriss 49-70. -Harriss-White, Barbara. â€Å"Maps & Lndscps: Grain Markets in S. Asia.† Harriss 87-108. Kelly, Philip F. Landscapes of Globalization: Human Geographies of Economic Change in the Philippines. London/New York Routledge, 2000. U.S. State Department. Background notes: Philippines, August 1999. Washington DC . http://www.state.gov/www/background_notes/Philippines -1999 Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practice U. S. Dept. of State March 2000 (Philippines PDF ,obtained from internal link previous cite). World Bank. Philippines at a glance (PDF). Washington D.C . http://worldbank.org/. Yoshihara, Kunio. the Nation and Economic Growth: the Philippines and Thailand. Kuala Lumpur/Oxford: Oxford Univ Press, 1994.

Gateway Essay -- essays research papers

Gateway Inc. Issues:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The US personal computer market continued to struggle and Dell had just lowered its prices about 20%. As a result, its stock price rose 13% and it gained more market share.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How should Gateway respond to Dell and its recent price cuts? o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lowering Gateway prices could jeopardize gross profit margins o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Conversely, unit sales were already down so there was the threat of additional sales loss  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Resource Allocation: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should Gateway focus on US consumer sales more or US business sales?  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Keeping in mind that Gateway planned to discontinue company-owned operations outside North America at the end of 2001 o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How should Gateway run its sales and advertising operations? (Keeping in mind, the 2001 advertising budget is about $20 million less than in 1999 at $239.6 million)  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How much emphasis should be placed on PC’s and PC-related units v. â€Å"beyond-the-box† products and services?  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Where should Gateway’s marketing efforts be directing customers: telephone and its website or to its Country Stores?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Operating issues in regards to selling, general and administrative (s, g, a) expenses: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Overall company s, g, a expenses would decline due to:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Closing of North America manufacturing, sales and service operations  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reduction in the number of Country Stores  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Less advertising fees and expenditures  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  End of alliance with OfficeMax o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, decisions about continued s, g, a expenses still needed to be made:  §Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does the Gateway store concept need more thought pertaining to Gateway’s business model of operating as built-to-order?  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gateway’s gross margin and operating costs needed attention in order to once again be profitable o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The influential aspects among its customer sales mix, its product sales mix and its sales mix across its 3 distribution channels needed to be monitored a... ...f both and combat Dell’s lower prices. Ways in which this could potentially happen is by offering basic beyond-the-box products with the purchase of a PC and aggressively encourage upgrades and additional features customers can’t refuse. Another way to counter other PC manufactures is through differentiation. By Gateway focusing on operating its build-to-order method as efficiently as possible, exploiting its distinct third channel of stores and staying technologically as innovative as possible, it is able to differentiate itself apart from its competitors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, in addition to its pursuit of the consumer market, I think Gateway could benefit from more assertively targeting the business segment that has been ruled by Dell. It’s a fact, that PC’s sold for business-use tend to be of a higher quality and therefore, more expensive with higher margins. In 2000, 65% of Dell’s PC sales went towards the business sector whereas Gateway’s main market was from consumer sales, which is often less profitable. If Gateway could go after the business market, without completely losing its consumer sales base, it would be able to better compete, especially with Dell.

The Standard Of Quality In Vietnamese Primary School Education Essay

Education has ever been an of import issue for all states at all times. Primary instruction is a basic status to better peoples knowledge. The original base is really of import to develop kids to go good citizens of the state. Many undertakings have been conducted to analyze the learning responsibilities of instructors, installations, instructional stuffs. Cipher can deny the importance of instruction but how to better the quality in instruction is another job. There are many facets to measure the instruction system from the societal factors, national, the instructor ‘s pedagogical ability, module, installations, substructure or the ability to comprehension and involvement of students. There are 1000s ground make instruction more of import such as the manner individual behaviour, the manner they talk, thinks, do everything, is successful key to open future door. Nowadays, companies, workss, infirmary, schoolsaˆÂ ¦ used practical scientific discipline, high engineering and besides requires staffs with high cognition. Education is non merely the lessons in school but besides practical lessons from life. Primary school ‘s instruction is a necessary portion which is the most of import and basic to take to the higher cognition. Hanoi is capital of Vietnam, where integrate economic, cultural, and policy with other state. It make the preparation procedure to make high rational people become an highly pressing job which requires many factors and one of them is the criterion of quality in Vietnamese Primary school. The criterion is assessed through students ‘ criterions, criterion of instructors and possible fiscal. Many people attribute the quality of learning from instructors, installation conditions, the instruction system†¦ But in my personal sentiment the comprehension and the interesting of topics are the job should be addressed. Normally, when the kids from school go back, the parents frequently ask them â€Å" how many Markss did you acquire? † Or â€Å" today what did the instructor Tell at school? † but taking attention and educating the kids are the duty of the full society, non the merely of the school. But criterion of students besides depends on many other factors such as the involvement of the household for the kid ‘s acquisition, the kid ‘s physical, ability to grok and private nature of the kid, or the investing and policy of societal. Education is extremely valued in Vietnamese society and the authorities ever regards instruction as a beginning of direct investing for the hereafter. First precedence has been set to supply basic instruction for all kids and instruction / preparation on the basic rate for kids who meet the entry demands. Every state has it ain alone and jobs. We can non copy the success plans from one topographic point and use them to another topographic point. Vietnam needs to develop plans and their content based on which Vietnam and based on the existent conditions of the installations in your state.2.2 Research QuestionsThis research analyze what factor did impact the criterion of primary schools. This research will lend a portion to assist Vietnamese Primary schools in Hanoi more develop in quality of instruction. Research inquiries: What are Vietnamese students ‘ criterions in Primary schools? What issues do consequence to quality criterions in Vietnamese Primary school?2.3 Objective of ResearchTo mensurate the criterions of students in Vietnamese schools To place the issues affected Vietnamese Primary school ‘s quality criterions.3. Literature ReappraisalConcept of choice standard definition in Primary school There are many different constructs of quality criterions such as assessed by the survey consequences, the ability to use their cognition in pattern, general cognition, It is must corroborate foremost that Vietnam is really focussed on instruction particularly for paediatric ages. Harmonizing to Law Education Elementary Schools passed by the National Assembly on 06.30.1991, Vietnam to implement policy compulsory primary instruction from grade 1 to rate 5 for all Vietnamese kids aged 6 to 14 old ages. For pupils start in 1st class ‘s age and degree of apprehension of the pupils are the same. Presently, simple school students have to take 11 faculties with degree 3, 4, 5 and with flat 1st and 2nd are 6 faculties. In the Vietnamese school, students must hold to develop all facet, such as Knowledge – Ethic – Artistic – Physical. Harmonizing to the Vietnamese Ministry of Education is pupil must run into the undermentioned standards: First, Vietnamese grade degree is 10 and students must accomplish norm above 5.Secondly, moralss must be reviews above centrist ( the moral evaluation: good, just, moderate, weak, and hapless ) . In 2000, Viet Nam has achieved national criterions of literacy and primary instruction. From the 2002-2003, the grownup literacy rate in the 15-24 age group was about 95 % , the mean figure of old ages of schooling of the population reached 7.3 old ages ( Nguyen, et Al. 2005 ) Assess criterion of quality of Vietnamese school in Hanoi. There are many criterions to measure criterion of quality in Vietnamese school such as high-quality criterions school ( must run into the criterions that the Vietnamese Ministry of Education demands ) . These schools are accepted high-quality criterions must run into the undermentioned standards: Teachers have to extremely choice criterion, survey consequences of students are high, fiscal resources or otherwise is installations and substructure criterions ( Nguyen, V.C.,2012 ) . There are all instructors have trained standard makings as prescribed, 100 % of instructors with appropriate makings for learning topics, in which at least 30 % of instructors were recognized municipal criterions. There are dropout rate and no more than 6 % one-year repeats, in which the dropout rate does non transcend 1 % . Students with outstanding accomplishments 3 % or more, rather accomplishing a 35 % or more, sort of weak, less than 5 % . Behavioral graded really good, good at 80 % or more, sort of weak no more than 2 % †¦ And last but non least are installations and equipment to run into the instruction demands. Measure the quality criterion of Vietnamese Primary school in Hanoi Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam, with a population around 6,561,900 people. The studies shown in September 2012 showed overload in primary schools. In many schools have the mean registration of each category of about 40-60 students. Although, sum of cognition that pupils get in primary schools in Hanoi are extremely appreciated, a figure of pupils base on balls more than 99 % , figure of students with first-class academic public presentation and good more than 70 % . Every twelvemonth Hanoi has pupils participate in the international competition and won the award as mathematics, art and music. Harmonizing to the Vietnamese Ministry of Education have 5,912 primary schools, but a figure of primary schools in Hanoi are merely 556 public schools and over 200 private primary schools. Harmonizing to Vu, V ( 2012 ) in which have 267 primary schools run intoing the national criterion schools. Dr. Hamid Chachoua, LIG Research Institute, University of Grenoble 1 – France has had treatments with the VietNamNet about Mathematics he said on the position of a mathematician, he found mathematics instruction in Vietnam is an first-class instruction in footings of mathematics content being taught in schools.4. Research ModelEvery state, in every part or even in different periods will necessitate different criterions of instruction such as in states are faced with war, dearth, or disease, if require for all kids have to cognize how to read and compose is a hard. Research theoretical account: from the practical and larn more experience from other state.4.1 Standards of studentsFirst, we will discourse about the making of students. Primary instruction in Vietnam includes five degrees. When the kids entered primary school is when kids begin to update the new information, the basic cognition to the demands tougher. That clip, the kids reasonably active and their logical statements are immature, but the ability to absorb really rapidly and wonder help them ever longed to cognize more new information. Learning in kindergarten and acquisition in primary schools is really different. In Primary Schools, kids get an sum of cognition bigger than in kindergarten. Harmonizing to Vietnamese parlance is â€Å" The first measure is ever the hardest measure † , Children before come ining simple school are a wellness cheque, believing ability, IQ†¦ so they are qualified kid physically, mentally and intellectually to analyze. The secondly is their cognition, and past experience. Both of them, the cognition and past experience are merely few. In kindergarten, they were larning Numberss, the alphabet, simple computations but with reading and make math are rather job. Whereas keeping of kids really rapidly, they are easy to copy or sensitive to new things. They should be more witting in their acquisition, and is responsible for finishing the undertakings of lesson. Through five degrees, these kids have the basic cognition to go on on their manner to derive new cognition as luggage for their hereafter. Last, criterions of pupil rating precisely the most is the students graduated. They are students who finish their class and they are equipped with the basic cognition that have plenty knowledge to go on analyzing at the secondary schools, understanding of society, can self-face and manage hard state of affairss. They are people who clearly reflect the quality of their school. Knowledge in Primary Schools is the first tool will follow them throughout their lives from secondary school, high school, college, university and even when they go to work. The marks are the student ‘s ratio who banned from school every twelvemonth, the student ‘s ratio graduated wants to analyze in this school, the students ratio graduated with high accomplishment, the student ‘s ratio who can utilize adept English, the student ‘s ratio who can utilize fluently computing machine, per centum of students achieved the national award or in the universe.4.2 Teachers ‘ criterionHarmoniz ing to Nguyen, TA. ( 2008 ) , teacher is one in 3 most of import elements will act upon school ‘s quality. Teachers must hold good category direction accomplishments, expertness and pedagogical cognition every bit good as good communicating accomplishments. Primary school instructors should be people with many accomplishments, in add-on professional capableness must be knowing of the assorted countries such as cognition of societal psychological science of kids and immature near. Regularly, the instructors update the new cognition, construct lesson programs, course of study to do exhilaration for lessons. Teachers to use new engineering in talks and cite the paperss in the domestic every bit good as foreign. Harmonizing to Dang, H. ( 2001 ) quality instructors can be formed in many different ways, including preparation, retraining of cognition, that is an of import function. Therefore, the first in edifice and better the quality of instructors start from the attention of the preparation, retraining and lives of instructors. Over the old ages, preparation and retraining of instructors has been interested and have changed. The type of preparation and retraining as long-run and short-run with a batch of content in conformity with the different capable instructors. However, besides these consequences, the preparation and retraining of some defects, the quality of the instruction after preparation and retraining still have certain restrictions. Ministry of Education is doing sensible accommodations in order to better the quality of instruction. Harmonizing to Pham, H. ( 1999 ) Vietnam ‘s instruction system has been strengthened, construct pedagogical schools, train instructors who have high quality, and passion with their occupation. Presently, most of the primary school instructors are qualified, high pedagogical cognition, good communicating accomplishments and enthusiasm with instruction. However, the wage of primary school instructors is low. The Ministry of Education is sing to the instructor ‘s salary is increased. In position of Roberd L, L. ( 2008 ) criterions for competent instructor in educational appraisal of students.4.3 Fiscal resources and investing financessThe ability of finance and investing financess are the factors that straight affect the substructure, installations and instruction tools. Infrastructure and instruction tools is ever one of the most importance factors affected standard schools. First of all, budget affected stuff installations in school. In Viet Nam, the stuff installations prepare for learning in school is non plenty, sketchy and outdated. The Numberss of students is step-up every twelvemonth but the Numberss of public archpriest schools and private archpriest schools do non look to alter. Because budget expends for instruction is non plenty, and need attending of authorities, whole societal, and domestic and foreign givers. Furthermore, fiscal besides influence research scientific discipline and talk. Furthermore limited investing cost could take hapless material installation ( Nguyen, 2006 ) . As mentioned above, the mean wage of primary school instructors are rather low, largely is little budget. Teacher ‘s wage is excessively low is one of the causes of late twelvemonth ‘s pupils of teaching method rate decreased significantly, and affect hard to happen instructors who have high degree in learning accomplishments. Ability to finance and investing financess influence entire cost for learning and acquisition, entire cost for library, Numberss of book and paperss review on each instructor and student, figure of room and furniture, projectors, speakersaˆÂ ¦ make criterion. Harmonizing to Le ( 2010 ) computing machine systems use for acquisition and instruction, web system supports for larning and learning and use more advanced cognition, experiences in the universe.5. Research MethodologiesThere are three the ways used in research methods ( Sherri L. Jakson 2011 ) . The first is descriptive in nature ; the 2nd is prognostic in nature and the last 1 is explanatory in nature. There are two methods to back up the research which are inductively and deductively. Harmonizing to Veal ( 2005 ) each research can treat in one method or two methods depend on the practical state of affairss and issues to be studied. Inductive usage theory, that was publish but deductive usage hypothesis base from informations.5.1 Qualitative researchHarmonizing to Hussey and Hussey ( 1997 ) research methodological analysiss have two rules, which are qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative have basic in the realistic. Almost all qualitative research workers influence, explain or construe some different signifier. The qualitative researches are used explicating and existent observations with the purpose of developing a theory. Harmonizing to Isadore and Carolyn, ( 1988 ) this theory will construe what were experienced. Besides Veal ‘s sentiments, the methods used to roll up information are observation, formal, informal, part icipant observation and in-depth interviewing.5.2 Quantitative researchQuantitative research is the positive doctrines. Most of quantitative research attacks use to stress what are a existent common and what everybody can hold, despite they have theoretical differences. The quantitative research attacks are used when get down a theory or get down a hypothesis. This manner checks to corroborate or disconfirm to turn out that hypothesis is right or wrong ( Isadore and Carolyn, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to Veal ( 2005 ) the information collect studies, from questionnaire-based, and from secondary beginnings.5.3 Proposed Research MethodsIn this survey usage deductive and quantitative applies. There are two package will be used, those are SPSS ( Statistical Package for societal Science ) and Excel. SPSS and Excel will be used to analysis the informations after roll uping respondents and the study questionnaires.6 Collection of informations6.1 Secondary informationsHarmonizing to Boyce ( 2002 ) , secondary Data is considered as figures and a fact. Secondary informations already exist and can be available for everybody who wants to utilize them for the single intent of each individual. They may be of import information depend on a peculiar portion or research. Secondary informations provide basic information for illustration when demand to seek information for a undertaking program. Background information will assist clearly the research and easy understand the responsibilities with more clearly and deep. The research workers will hard to place what are cogency and dependability without secondary informations. They are ever cheaper and easier available than primary informations.6.2 Primary informationsEqually far as Kerin ( et al, 2003 ) if research workers need facts and figures are freshly collected, they have to utilize primary informations. All most researches use primary informations which are cod by study, depth interviews and focal point groups. They interview a bi g Numberss of participants and necessitate them reply the questionnaires, that is a simple manner to hold information and make a study. In undertakings require focal point groups or depth interviews but do n't necessitate more people, merely a little of participants but have to carefully selected ( Boyce, 2002 ) . Primary informations are ever more expensive and take longer clip if comparison with secondary informations.6.3 Sample size of Primary DataIn the undertaking assess the sample size is really of import and necessary. Basically, progressively gather every bit much information as possible and they will do the truth in your research higher. The primary informations in this survey will selected from more than 500 study respondents. They are students, parents, instructors and related people who willing joint study. In which over 75 % of study will be answered and fill in the questionnaires by traveling to face-to-face meetings, telephone interviews and other will complete questi onnaire and direct back by electronic mail.7. Method of Data AnalysisAs writer Bryman and Bell ( 2007 ) survey by the information analysis is indispensable. Statistically analyzed informations are required and informations analysis helps to see whether the hypotheses which were created have been supported.8. Presentation of dissertationaˆ?Show this thesis is the procedure of information figures, graphs and tabular arraies. Furthermore, it will be supported by composing, study and readers.9. Ethical IssuesEthical motives issues are to the appropriate of the research ‘s behaviour in relation to the rights of those who become the topic of the research or are affected by it ( Golafshani, 2012 ) . Ethical concerns may be occurred at all phases of undertaking and all undertakings: When seeking entree During informations aggregation As informations are analyzed And when studies are written10. ResourcesAll the resources in this research are collected from: – EASB library – Singapore national library – Wiley Online Library – Internet. – UWIC e-library – Vietnam national library11. Table agendas12. DecisionPrimary instruction is the most of import job and it refers to the most hard occupation is to develop people, preparation of human resources for the future society. As society moves, airss major undertaking for instruction. Vietnam ‘s instruction should be â€Å" sheding † . Three old educational reforms are related to the political convulsion. This clip, Vietnam is pitching up to do the end that is going an industrialised state in 2020 and modern industry in 2050, progressively integrated into the universe. Perform two aims must foremost run into human development ends. A meaningful instruction is geared towards a better hereafter, more civilizable. Leader Ho Chi Minh reminded â€Å" For the interest of 10 old ages to works trees, for the intent of hundred old ages to works people † . The concerns of day-to-day instruction can be found present in all mass media plenty to see how of import issues. Lawyer Nguyen, V.T ( 2006 ) , packaged his all concerns in a sentence â€Å" A bad physician killed a patient, a bad officer, will kill a squad, but a bad instructor will kill a coevals † . Possibly so, the lifelong of people struggle to do money, in add-on to take care their lives, they frequently have the biggest desire that is the following coevals of kids and have more learning chances. Richest planet foreman Bill Gates has done, the less money people to make the same and destitute people besides would wish to make it.